Nepal’s Foreign Minister Shisir Khanal has described relations with India as “excellent” and “multidimensional”, highlighting the two countries’ deep trade, connectivity, social and cultural links.
Speaking at an Asia Society event in , Khanal said around two-thirds of Nepal’s trade happens with India, while cultural and social ties between the two countries remain strong.
“Given the multi-dimensional nature of our relationship, two-thirds of our trade happens with India, our access to ports, everything pretty much because of the northern border, it happens through India. The cultural social relationships are very strong between the two countries as well,” Khanal said.
He acknowledged that political ties can sometimes experience “ebb and flow”, but said that “right now”, relationship with India is in “one of the excellent” phases.
India is Nepal’s largest trading partner and provides crucial transit access to international markets for the landlocked country.
Trade with India accounts for about two-thirds of Nepal’s overall external merchandise trade, according to figures cited by the Indian Embassy in Kathmandu.
India also received 81.1% of total exports in FY 2024-25, according to the figures cited in the information provided.
Indian companies are also among the major investors in Nepal. Meanwhile, Nepali-manufactured goods receive duty-free access to the Indian market under the bilateral trade framework, subject to specified conditions.
Nepal also relies heavily on routes through India for access to global trade.
The Raxaul-Birgunj corridor is one of the key routes used for Nepal’s bilateral and third-country trade.
The relationship extends beyond commerce and trade. “Roti-Beti ka Rishta” is a phrase often used by leaders on both sides to symbolise the deep family and marriage ties shared across communities.
India’s External Affairs Minister S , during his meeting with Khanal in June 2026, described the relationship as being built on “vibrant people-to-people ties, cross-border connect and shared cultural and religious traditions.”
Siddhartha Gautama (Lord Buddha) was born in Lumbini, Nepal, but travelled across parts of India, later attaining enlightenment at Gaya, delivering his first sermon at Sarnath and dying at Kushinagar.
Millions travel between holy sites such as the Pashupatinath Temple in , the Janaki Temple in Janakpur and holy sites in India. Languages such as Nepali, Maithili, Bhojpuri, and Hindi are spoken on both sides of the border.
The 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship allows citizens to without passports or visas across the 1,751-km open border shared with five Indian states.
Military ties are another longstanding component of the relationship. The tradition of Nepali Gorkha soldiers serving in the Indian Army and the practice of awarding reciprocal honorary General ranks to the army chiefs of the two countries are among the notable links.
The focus on India comes amid renewed high-level engagement between Kathmandu and New Delhi after Nepal Prime Minister took charge in Kathmandu.
Rastriya Swatantra Party Chairman Rabi Lamichhane visited India in June this year, at the invitation of BJP national president Nitin Nabin. During the visit, he also met Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
PM “Balen” has also accepted Modi’s invitation to visit India. Nepali media reports have indicated that the visit could take place around November 2026 and would be Shah’s first official bilateral foreign visit.
